Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a condition characterized by pain and inflammation on the outer part of the elbow. Despite its name, tennis elbow is not limited to tennis players; it can affect anyone who engages in repetitive wrist and arm movements. 

Here's an overview of tennis elbow, its causes, symptoms, and potential physiotherapy approaches.

Common Causes

• Repetitive Strain: Continuous, repetitive use of the forearm muscles and tendons can lead to microtears in the tendons, causing pain and inflammation.

• Poor Technique: Improper technique during activities such as tennis, golf, or weightlifting can contribute to the development of tennis elbow.

• Overuse of the Extensor Muscles: Activities that involve gripping, twisting, or lifting can strain the extensor muscles and contribute to tennis elbow.

• Age: The condition is more common in individuals aged 30 to 50, as tendons may lose some of their elasticity with age.

• Occupational Factors: Certain occupations that involve repetitive arm movements, such as plumbing or carpentry, may increase the risk.

Symptoms

• Pain: Persistent pain on the outer part of the elbow, particularly during gripping or lifting activities.

• Weakness: Weakness in the affected arm may be experienced.

• Tenderness: The outer part of the elbow may be tender to the touch.

• Stiffness: Stiffness and difficulty with movements involving the affected arm.

How Physiotherapy can help

Physiotherapy is often successful in managing tennis elbow and promoting a gradual return to normal activities. The specific treatment plan will depend on the individual characteristics of the condition and the patient's lifestyle. It's essential to consult with a physiotherapist or healthcare professional for a thorough assessment and a tailored treatment plan for tennis elbow.

• Assessment: A thorough examination to assess the severity of the condition and identify contributing factors.

• Pain Management: Modalities such as ice, heat therapy, or ultrasound to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

• Activity Modification: Temporary modification of activities to avoid exacerbating symptoms.

• Eccentric Strengthening Exercises: Specific exercises to strengthen the extensor muscles of the forearm, emphasizing eccentric contractions.

• Stretching Exercises: Gentle stretching exercises to improve flexibility and reduce tension in the forearm muscles.

• Biomechanical Assessment: Assessment of movement patterns and ergonomic factors to identify and address contributing factors.

• Bracing or Strapping: The use of a brace or strap to provide support to the affected area and reduce strain on the tendons.

• Manual Therapy: Hands-on techniques, including massage and joint mobilizations, to alleviate muscle tightness and improve joint mobility.

• Gradual Return to Activity: A structured and gradual return-to-activity program, ensuring that the intensity and duration are increased systematically.

• Education: Providing information on proper technique, ergonomics, and preventive strategies.

• Home Exercise Program: Prescribing exercises for the patient to perform at home to complement in-clinic sessions.

• Strengthening of Adjacent Muscles: Strengthening exercises for the muscles around the shoulder and upper arm to provide additional support.