Arthritis refers to a group of inflammatory joint disorders characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility. There are several types of arthritis, but two common forms are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA)

• Cause: Associated with the wear and tear of joint cartilage over time.

• Symptoms: Pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, often affecting weight-bearing joints like knees, hips, and spine.

• Physiotherapy Approach:

• Exercise programs to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint stability.

• Range of motion exercises to maintain flexibility.

• Pain management strategies, including modalities like heat or cold therapy.

• Education on joint protection techniques and lifestyle modifications.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

• Cause: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the synovium, leading to joint inflammation.

• Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling, fatigue, and systemic effects.

• Physiotherapy Approach:

• Joint protection strategies and ergonomic advice.

• Exercise programs to maintain joint function and prevent deformities.

• Pain management techniques, including modalities.

• Functional activities to enhance daily living.

How Physiotherapist can help

Physiotherapy for arthritis aims to enhance overall quality of life by managing symptoms, improving joint function, and empowering individuals with tools to manage their condition effectively. It is often an integral part of a multidisciplinary approach that may include medication, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, surgical interventions.

• Exercise Programs: Tailored exercises to improve joint flexibility, strengthen muscles, and enhance overall function.

• Pain Management: Modalities such as heat or cold therapy, ultrasound, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may be used.

• Joint Protection Techniques: Educating individuals on proper joint use to minimize stress and prevent further damage.

• Functional Rehabilitation: Focusing on activities of daily living to maintain independence.

• Assistive Devices: Recommending and teaching the use of assistive devices to reduce joint strain.

• Posture and Body Mechanics Education: Guidance on maintaining proper body mechanics to prevent exacerbation of symptoms.

• Range of Motion Exercises: Prescribed to prevent joint stiffness and maintain flexibility.

• Strengthening Exercises: Targeting muscles around affected joints for added support.

• Patient Education: Informing individuals about their condition, treatment options, and self-management strategies.

• Individualized Treatment Plans: Tailoring interventions based on the specific needs and challenges of each individual.